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Reasons behind lightning's jagged path
Lightning follows zigzag paths instead of straight lines due to the formation of electrical channels that progress in stages called the "stepped leader." Each step's direction changes based on the surrounding electrical conditions, causing the path to zigzag. These primary electrical channels branch out into several forks that differ in direction and may or may not reach the ground. A bright discharge occurs when a downward channel from the cloud meets an upward channel from objects below, such as trees or towers. Although lightning appears as if it descends directly from the cloud, the discharge actually travels through a pre-formed channel, and predicting the exact location is impossible due to its dependence on changing electrical conditions. This explains its zigzag shape and branching structure.
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