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Digital platforms have become intermediaries reshaping the trade, transport and delivery sectors. They use data and algorithms to steer demand and control access to customers, while service providers often bear a substantial share of the costs and risks. According to an OECD study, in 2024 platforms headquartered outside the markets in which they operate accounted for an average of 54% of visits to travel and accommodation booking services, and 46% of ride-hailing traffic, in OECD countries. The article warns of the risks of dependency, monopolies, privacy violations and precarious work, noting that an estimated 154 to 435 million people worldwide work through apps and platforms. It calls for greater transparency, a fairer distribution of value and stronger worker protections, alongside investment in digital infrastructure, financing and skills. These measures, it argues, would enable Arab countries to move from consuming global digital services to creating competitive local and regional platforms.
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