MELASMA Causes and Treatments
Melasma on the face is a common pigmentation problem that appears as brown or dark spots, especially on the cheeks, forehead, chin, and above the upper lip. It affects the skin’s even tone. The main causes of its appearance include sun exposure, which stimulates melanin production; hormonal changes during pregnancy; certain medications; genetic factors; and health issues such as thyroid disorders. For treatment, it is advised to use a daily sunscreen with a protection factor of SPF 30 or higher, and to apply prescribed creams containing ingredients like hydroquinone. Chemical peeling and other treatments such as laser therapy and dermatological procedures may also be recommended based on skin condition. Preventive measures primarily involve avoiding direct sunlight, wearing wide-brimmed hats, continuing treatment, and avoiding irritating products. It is important to consult a doctor if there is no improvement, as melasma can recur with ongoing sun exposure or other triggering factors.
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