Ethiopian-Eritrean Relations Overview

The crisis between Ethiopia and Eritrea is escalating, following Eritrea's closure of its embassy in Asmara and the severing of diplomatic ties in response to hostile actions by Ethiopia. Meanwhile, clashes have resumed in northern Ethiopia between government forces and the Tigray People's Liberation Front since September 2023, marking the most significant escalation of violence since the end of the war between the two sides in 2022. Historically, relations have experienced repeated tensions, including Eritrea's occupation of Ethiopian territories after the 1993 referendum, a border war in 1998 that resulted in the deaths of around 100,000 people, and another conflict that paved the way for peace in Algeria in 2000. However, relations quickly returned to stalemate. In 2018, the leaders of both countries signed a peace agreement ending hostilities, but recent months have seen renewed tensions. Eritrea has taken increasingly provocative steps, including banning Ethiopian airlines from landing in Asmara and freezing Ethiopian Airlines' accounts, amid Ethiopian efforts to contain the tensions and ongoing security and political challenges in the region.

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