Houthis evolve from isolation to Bab el-Mandeb control

The Houthis are an armed group belonging to the Zaidi sect, a branch of Shia Islam. They control large parts of Yemen, particularly in the south of the country and the strategically important Bab el-Mandeb Strait. In 2024, the Houthis increased their military activity, attacking ships in the Red Sea purportedly in support of the Palestinians, which forced shipping companies to seek longer routes around Africa. They took control of the Yemeni coast overlooking the Red Sea and key islands within the strait, enhancing their ability to disrupt trade and navigation, especially Saudi oil shipments. Saudi Arabia requested U.S. support to counter the Houthi escalation, but Washington did not respond, raising the likelihood of the conflict expanding—especially with their seizure of strategic areas in the Red Sea, which threatens the security of vital waterways.

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