Iran's Caspian Resources and Borders

The Caspian Sea crisis has centered for decades on legal and political disputes over the rights of the bordering countries, especially regarding the division of oil and gas riches and security strategies. Since the signing of the 2018 agreement that organized the status of the waters and the seabed, disagreements over resource division have continued, with Iran aiming to obtain a significant share based on its historical management of the sea, while Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan possess substantial oil and gas resources. Security challenges also relate to preventing the presence of foreign military forces, amid conflicts over the rights to exploit resources in the maritime areas, with negotiations ongoing over the division of maritime borders and resource exploitation rights.

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