Signs of high prolactin levels in men and women

Elevated prolactin levels, which are produced by the pituitary gland, affect women and men in different ways. The most common cause is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland known as a prolactinoma. In women, high prolactin levels lead to menstrual irregularities, cessation of periods, and nipple discharge outside of pregnancy and breastfeeding, and can also cause infertility. In men, elevated prolactin results in erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, and enlargement of the breasts. Causes such as tumors, certain medications, and illnesses like hypothyroidism and kidney diseases can increase prolactin levels. The condition is diagnosed through blood tests measuring prolactin levels, and determining the cause of the elevation requires additional examinations. If a prolactinoma is left untreated, it may grow and press on surrounding tissues, leading to headaches, vision changes, and a decrease in other hormones produced by the pituitary gland.

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