Lawyer wins in Germany; engineer seeks Iraq aid

Iraq's economy heavily depends on public employment, with the number of public sector employees estimated between 7 and 9.5 million workers. This makes Iraq one of the countries with the highest ratios of public employment relative to its population. This is because government jobs are considered safe and stable options for many, especially given the limited opportunities in the private sector. Additionally, the state provides extensive salaries and benefits, which reinforces a culture of reliance on public sector employment. However, reports from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank indicate weaknesses in productivity and management efficiency within the government apparatus, as well as poor cost-effectiveness and service delivery due to excessive reliance on oil. Oil accounts for about 53% of the gross domestic product and 88% of government revenues in 2025. The private sector also suffers from underperformance and dependence on dealings with the government, coupled with low transparency and limited growth. These issues exacerbate unemployment among graduates and increase pressure on the general budget. The focus on government jobs is attributed to a lack of planning and weak vocational education, with society preferring traditional, stable jobs despite the government's weak productivity and limited contribution to genuine economic growth.

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