Schengen Visa and African Migration

European Union data indicates that the Schengen visa system has reduced the number of Africans applying for short-term visas, with over 12 million applications in 2025 and more than 1.75 million rejections. This is especially true in countries such as Senegal, Burundi, and the Congo, where rejection rates exceed 50%. The spike in refusals has imposed significant financial costs on Africans, who lost approximately 60 million euros in rejected applications during 2024. Although irregular border crossings into the EU decreased by 26% in 2025, major migration routes—particularly across the Mediterranean—remain active. The European Commission also employs mechanisms to impose restrictions on uncooperative countries, such as canceling or limiting visas; however, their impact on migration flows remains limited. Research shows that while such restrictions reduce the number of migrants, they can increase migrant stability and the permanency of flows, making their effect on net migration unclear. The human cost of irregular migration remains high, with over 7,600 deaths or disappearances in 2025, primarily along the Mediterranean routes and in West Africa.

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