Energy Agency expects decline in investment in critical metals in 2025

The International Energy Agency reported that global investments in the mining and refining of critical minerals declined by 9% in 2025, despite Western countries' commitments to boost production for security reasons. It also noted that China and Indonesia controlled over three-quarters of the growth in refined material supply, despite geopolitical tensions and China's export restrictions imposed in April 2025, which led to reduced production and economic and security challenges. On the other hand, the United States and Malaysia have diminished China's dominance over mineral refining operations, with public funding commitments increasing more than fourfold between 2023 and 2025.

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