Lebanon's Sovereignty: Who Holds Power

The article emphasizes that the core crisis in Lebanon lies in the failure to enforce laws and the transformation of some entities into parallel authorities, which threatens the unity of national sovereignty. It clarifies that sovereignty in the Lebanese constitution originates from the people through institutions, and that the state's refusal or inability to exercise its powers does not grant any internal or external entity the legal right to impose or practice authority. The article also distinguishes between legal legitimacy, grounded in the constitution, and actual power, which may impose its will without a legal basis, affirming that the persistence of a situation contrary to the constitution does not transform this situation into lawful legitimacy. It highlights that the state is responsible for preventing the emergence of parallel authorities, and that the absence of effective exercise of state authority opens the door for usurped realities, but this does not change the legality or legitimacy of that authority. The article underscores that maintaining the unity of the state requires adherence to the constitution and safeguarding the sovereignty of the state's competencies, warning that repeated overreach or capitulation to illegitimate authorities threaten the state's existence and weaken its sovereignty. It concludes that authority must be exercised according to laws and the constitution to ensure the stability of the state and true sovereignty.

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