Lebanon's State Formation Blockade

The article addresses the challenges of nation-building in Lebanon, explaining that the problem is not solely in the constitutional texts or laws but lies in the practices of the ruling and political forces that hinder the implementation of reforms. It emphasizes that a culture of loyalty to leaders, sectarianism, and personal interests weaken institutions and reinforce dependence on leaders rather than the state. It also points out that networks of interests and influence, including the deep state, exploit weak oversight and threaten the country's sovereignty—especially through illegal practices and arms outside state control. The article concludes by stating that building a stable and strong state requires changing the political culture and strengthening institutions, not merely amending texts or changing governments. Achieving this, it asserts, demands genuine political will to abandon personal interests in favor of the rule of law and institutions.

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