Ancient Rivers Generate 40% of Global Gold

The Witwatersrand Basin in South Africa has been discovered to be one of the richest geological formations in history for gold production, with an estimated 40% of all the gold mined by humans throughout history originating from this basin, which formed approximately 2.7 billion years ago. The ancient sedimentary formations within the basin result from ancient river systems that transported minerals from volcanic belts, leading to the accumulation of enormous quantities of gold in sedimentary rocks that have been mined continuously since 1886. Recent studies have shown that the gold primarily arrived through erosion and transportation by ancient rivers. The basin is considered one of the most significant regions for deep mining, with mining wells extending over 4 kilometers below the surface, facing high-stress challenges. The Witwatersrand Basin remains the world's main source of gold and reflects the history of the Earth's continental evolution.

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