Black Iraq Book and Party Economies

The article reviews the Iraqi Economic Office system established since 2006, which has evolved in a complex manner. These offices play a major role in smuggling oil and circumventing American sanctions through parallel financial networks linked to influential parties and Iran-backed armed factions. Investigations reveal that these offices are divided into two levels: the first includes party leaders and politicians who sign contracts and take a share of the profits, while the second encompasses a wide network of intermediaries and contractors. These offices are part of a broad system that generates billions of dollars annually and contributes to financing armed groups and electoral campaigns, all in the absence of genuine official oversight, making legal criminalization difficult. Reports also point out that the recent arrests in June 2026 targeted officials in the oil sector as part of efforts to uncover corruption networks and Iranian influence, though the extent of the authorities’ closeness to dismantling the key components of this complex financial system remains unclear.

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