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The Nobel Prize is one of the most renowned international awards established by Alfred Nobel in 1895. It has been awarded annually since 1901 to honor achievements in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, peace, and economics. Winners are selected by specialized committees affiliated with specific institutions, and candidates are not allowed to apply themselves; their nominations remain confidential for 50 years. The current value of the prize is approximately 1.1 million dollars, and it is awarded on December 10th, the anniversary of Nobel’s death. Over 125 years, the prize has been awarded 633 times to 1026 laureates and organizations, with notable instances of refusals or withdrawals on multiple occasions. The awards have often been distributed among winners of different ages, and some cases remain controversial, with debates surrounding the awards and their historical interpretations.
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