Medici family mystery may be solved after more than 400 years

Scientists have confirmed that Francesco I de’ Medici and his brother Giovanni died from malaria, using DNA analysis of skeletal remains that revealed traces of Plasmodium parasites. The study, conducted jointly by the University of Pisa and Yale University, identified two species of malaria in Francesco’s bones, supporting historical accounts of symptoms consistent with the disease. While longstanding rumors suggested poisoning, the genetic evidence indicates malaria was the primary cause of death, although the possibility of poisoning cannot be entirely ruled out.

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